Prevention not Punishment.


References

1 Chambers, Andrew, Jane Taylor & Marc N. Potenza. "Developmental Neurocircuitry of Motivation in Adolescence: A Critical Period of Addiction Vulnerability." American Journal of Psychiatry 60 (2003): 1041-1052.

2 Drug Free America Foundation, Inc.. "Reasons for Student Drug Testing". 2004. August 17, 2004. www.dfaf.org/studentdrugtesting/.

3 DuPont, Robert, Teresa Campbell, and Jacqueline Mazza. "Report of a Preliminary Study: Elements of a Successful School-Based Student Drug Testing Program." US Dept. of Education Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, Safe and Drug-Free Schools Program. Rockville, MD: Institute for Behavior and Health, Inc., 2002.

4 Evans, David. "Developing Drug-Free School Policies and Procedures". Drug-Free Schools Coalition, Inc. 1999.

5 Federal Grants for School Districts: Needs Assessments. 2004. North Dakota Department of Public Instruction. September 20, 2004. www.dpi.state.nd.us/grants/needs.pdf.

6 Goldberg, Linn. 2000-2001: Student Athlete Testing Using Random Notification Study (SATURN), Oregon Health Sciences

7 Guidelines Concerning Student Drug Testing in Virginia Public Schools. 2004. Virginia Department of Education. Accessed September 10, 2004. www.pen.k12.va.us/VDOE/PC/DrugTestingGuidelines.pdf.

8 Johnston LD, O'Malley PM, Bachman JG, Schulenberg JE. 2004. "Monitoring the Future national results on adolescent drug use: Overview of key findings, 2003." (NIH Publication No. 04-5506). Bethesda, MD : National Institute on Drug Abuse.

9 McKinney, Joseph. "The Effectiveness of Random Drug Testing Programs: A Statewide Follow-up Study." 2003. Sept. 29, 2004. www.studentdrugtesting.org/ELKS%20MANUAL.pdf.

10 National Institute on Drug Abuse. "Monitoring the Future: National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975 ‚ 2003." 2003. National Institute of Health. October 26, 2004. www.monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/vol1_2003.pdf.

11 National Student Assistance Association. "Student Assistance Program Components". NSAA, 2004. www.nasap.org/components.html.

12 Office of National Drug Control Policy. "What You Need to Know About Drug Testing in Schools." (Publication #NCJ 195522). 2002. National Criminal Justice. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

13 Rush, Lee. "Understanding the Connection: Student Assistance Programs and Random Student Drug Testing." National Student Assistance Association, 2004.

14 Schafter, Allyson. "Youth Marijuana Prevention Initiative". October 2002. National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information [NCADI] Report, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.health.org/newsroom/rep/199.aspx.

15 Shelton, Laura E. "Survey of DATIA Members Indicates Increase in Student Drug Testing Programs", Drug & Alcohol Testing Industry Association, 2002. datia.org/resources/survey_results.htm.

16 Todd v. Rush County Schools, 983 F. Supp. 799 (SD IN 1997); affirmed by 133 F. 3d 984 (CA 7 1998).